Vegetable Gardening for Beginners: What You Need to Know

So you want to enjoy fresh veggies from the garden, but you don’t know where to begin? I’ve been there! That’s why I created this vegetable gardening for beginners guide. I’m going to remove the intimidation factor and bring you along for a real-life gardening journey. Green thumb, here we come!

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Beginner Vegetable Gardening: Quick Tips

With more families staying at home this year, there’s never been a more perfect time to start a home garden. The kids actually get excited about eating their vegetables, and the grown-ups can’t get enough Caprese salad. (Or is it just me?)

I’ve had great luck growing a spring and fall raised bed vegetable garden for the past several years. You can see the progress, from start to finish, in my Instagram gardening highlights.

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Timing is Everything When Gardening

Pull out the calendar! Whether you’re planning a spring garden or a fall garden, there’s a prime time for planting vegetables in your region. It varies with each vegetable, too.

Here in Houston, Texas, I’ll plant tomatoes and peppers in March, along with green beans, cucumbers and melons. I still have onions in the ground and other herbs as well as a butterfly corner of the garden. In the summer, I’ll have a new crop of veggies to plant, including tomatoes, peppers, herbs, and cucumbers.

If you want to find the perfect dates to plant vegetables in your area, The Old Farmer’s Almanac offers a useful planting calendar by zip code. The guide tells you exactly when to sow your seeds or seedlings either indoors or outdoors.

Before you go buying your vegetable seeds, however, you need to know exactly where you plan to sow them.

Container, In-Ground, or Raised Bed Vegetable Garden?

If you’re just starting out as a gardener, you may want to plant a container or in-ground garden. For the more committed beginner gardener, you can opt to build (or buy) a raised bed vegetable garden.

Container Gardens

Containers come in handy when you have limited space or want the convenience of moving your plants closer to your kitchen. Having a “mobile” garden also allows you to experiment with different locations to optimize sunlight.

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You can grow just about any vegetable or herb in a container garden with the exception of heavy/bulky ones like corn, giant squash, or pumpkins. The key is having a large enough container (with enough soil) to accommodate the full-grown plant. This is especially true for root vegetables like potatoes.

For soil, you can choose a potting mix that already includes the perfect formulation of organic matter and comes with a good pH balance.

Pros of container gardens	Cons of container gardens
Great for small spaces	More watering needed
Affordable	Difficult to grow bigger varieties

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In-ground Gardens

In-ground gardens work well when you want to save on soil and stay within a budget.

If your ground is covered in grass, you can lay unwaxed cardboard, weed barrier, or newspaper on top, followed by 2-4 inches of compost.

You can then create a border using wood planks (preferably cypress, redwood, or cedar). Avoid using pressure-treated wood, as there’s debate about preservatives potentially leaching into the soil.

Once covered, the grass will die and you’ll have a plot ready to till in about 1-2 months. If your soil is compacted or lacks nutrients, you can “amend” it with a combination of organic matter such as compost, peat moss, or composted manure.

Pros of in-ground gardens	Cons of in-ground gardens
More affordable	More weeding
Less watering required	Ergonomically challenging
Easier to grow large area	Harder to protect from some pests

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Raised Garden Beds

Having a raised garden bed requires a little more prep work and expense. If done right, however, you can create a “beginner garden” to last you through your expert years.

Raised beds warm quickly in the season, so you can plant earlier in the spring. The elevation off the ground also makes for easier weeding, planting and tilling.

Since you need to fill it with fresh garden soil and fertilizer, you can get the perfect nutrients for your vegetables and reduce the risk of pests.

I chose to create a series of raised bed gardens out of cedar because I think they’re beautiful and we have space for it. Plus, I wanted a fixed location where I could have my beds ready for every season.

Pros of raised gardens	Cons of raised gardens
Better soil quality	More soil required
Drain well, warm quickly	More watering required
Visually pleasing	Higher upfront costs to build

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Picking the Right Location for a Vegetable Garden

Sun and wind exposure

When choosing the perfect spot for your beginner vegetable garden, you must prioritize sun exposure. Most vegetables will need at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight.

In terms of direction, South-facing gardens tend to get the most sunlight in the Northern hemisphere. Ideally, you’ll place your garden with rows pointing north and south if you have a mix of plant heights. Make sure taller veggies don’t cast shade on the shorter ones in this orientation.

If you’re planting similar varieties, you may choose to organize east and west to provide equal sun exposure.

You’ll also want to avoid areas with high winds that might uproot or disturb your vegetables.

Irrigation

You should choose a spot that drains well since soggy soil can lead to root rot. Not a good thing! On the flip side, you’ll need to have a garden hose nearby or make plans to have a routine watering system.

Many expert gardeners favor drip irrigation which waters plants on the soil in a controlled manner.

Be careful if watering overhead since some vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, squashes) need dry leaves to prevent bacterial and fungal infections.

Also, avoid watering inconsistently if you can help it. It’s not uncommon for us to get periods of heavy rain followed by drought in my area. This can lead to cracking in fruits and vegetables like tomatoes.

Garden design

As I suggested earlier, don’t plant more than you can handle as a beginner gardener. When choosing the size of your garden plot size, think about how many varieties of vegetables you hope to grow. Keep it simple until you gain confidence.

I suggest starting with just 3-5 different vegetables if using containers or 6-8 vegetable varieties for in-ground or raised beds (perhaps 50-100 square feet). The space allocation depends on the full-grown size of your veggies.

My own raised garden beds this year will give me 90 square feet of space to use. I’ll stagger the planting dates (succession planting) and leave some space open depending on the season.

Choosing Your Vegetables

Here’s the fun part! Chances are you already have some favorite veggies in mind if you’re reading this post. The hard part is figuring out what you can plant and when.

My kids think you can bury the pit of a store-bought fruit and grow a tree outside, but there’s a bit more science involved.

Here’s my 5-part guide for deciding which veggies to plant:

1. Know your hardiness zone. Better yet, use a planting calendar or an agricultural extension service to find out the optimal time to plant seeds or seedlings.
2. Start with easy vegetables. Pick ones that will grow well as companion plants (see chart below).
3. Plan enough space for larger vegetables. Some vegetables have vines and need a support cage or trellis (e.g., cucumbers, tomatoes, pole beans).
4. Plan which vegetables can be grown from seeds (indoors vs. outdoors) vs. transplanted as seedlings. Again, a planting calendar will guide you.
5. Decide on perennials, annuals, or both. You can rotate the crops each season (annuals) or include a few perennial vegetables that will grow back each season.

Vegetable	Mature size (height)	Companion plants
Beans, bush	24″ – 30″	Beets, carrots, chard, cabbage, corn, cucumbers, peas, radishes
Lettuce	6″ – 12″	Carrots, onions, peas, peppers, tomatoes
Cucumbers	1′ – 5′	Beans, broccoli, corn, dill, lettuce, onion, peas, radish, and tomatoes
Carrots	6″ – 15″	Beans, lettuce, onions, peas, peppers, tomatoes
Tomatoes	2′ – 8′	Asparagus, carrots, celery, onions, parsley, peppers
Spinach	6″ – 15″	Broccoli, lettuce, peas, radish
Summer squash	12″ – 24″	Beans, corn, dill, marigolds, nasturtiums, peas, radishes
Peppers	12″ – 48″	Tomatoes, asparagus, basil, carrots, cucumbers, squash

Organizing and Arranging Your Vegetables

As the chart above explains, plants will happily co-exist with some vegetables but not others. You can research companion plants before finalizing your garden plans.

Where to place plants in a garden

• Taller vegetables need to be planted in the “back” to prevent them from blocking the sun for shorter plants.
• Plants that have vines or need extra support (e.g., cucumbers, tomatoes, pole beans) will require more space to accommodate trellises or cages.

Amending your soil each season

Since plants of the same families will deplete the same nutrients from the soil, you’ll want to rotate your crops each season or rebalance the soil with the proper nutrients. I like to add Microlife fertilizer and good compost (like composted cow manure or vermicompost) when beginning a new season of planting.

I’ve also learned from experience that it’s important to add more soil if your level has become depleted, particularly in a raised bed garden. (My carrots were stunted when I didn’t add enough soil one season.)

You can buy a soil test kit if you need help figuring out adjustments to make after your first season of gardening.

Where to Buy Seeds or Seedlings

Once you know which vegetables you want to plant, it’s time to make your purchase!

I generally suggest visiting a local nursery to get extra guidance as a newbie gardener. However, a local home improvement store like Home Depot or Lowe’s will have plenty of seasonal variety. Just remember to have your vision in mind of when you’re going to plant and where.

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If you have any questions, feel free to ask me in the comments below!

Happy Gardening!

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